Prokaryote Laboratory

The Tree of Life

Begin the Climb!!!!!!

 

 

Purpose –

*      To Study the characteristics of Prokaryotes from Domains, Archaea and Bacteria.

*      To Study the classification of the Prokaryotes

         

 

 

Methods and Materials.

 

Materials

*       Microscopes

*       Slides of different bacteria

*       Colored pencils and rulers

*       Text

 

Methods

*       Students will observe and draw the prokaryote cells at each lab desk. 

*       Pictures should be completed with great attention to detail.  All should be colored.

*       Pictures should be labeled.

*       Questions at the end of the laboratory should be completed.

 

 

Bacteria and Archaea

 

 

 

Note- Proteobacteria are the Gram + and Gram – organisms.

 

 

 

Directions:  All microscopes have been focused and centered on the slide.  You may only use the fine adjustment to help you see the slide.  If you have any questions please ask before touching the slide or the microscope.

 

 

Station 1.  Observe the Archaeabacteria.  Draw and identify different morphology( shapes and colors) of bacteria that you observe.  Note any special arrangements that you observe.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


 

Description________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

Station 2.  Observe the gram - cocci.  Draw their morphology( shape ) and appearance.  Remember that you are looking at very small cells.  Show them as distinct cells.

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

 

 

Description___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

 

 

 

Station 3.  Streptococcus pyogenes.  Gram positive.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Description_____________________________________________

______________________________________________________

 

Station 4.  Mycobacterium .  Acid Fast Stain

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

This is the causative agent of leprosy and tuberculosis.  Write your observations below.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________


 

Station 5.  Streptococcus pneumoniae.  Negative stain.  Capsule shows up as bright circle against a gray or black background. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Draw and discuss your observations.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

 


 

Station 6. Observe and draw the causative agent of a GAS infection.  The flesh eating bacteria.  What color are these cells?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Description __________________________________________________________________

 

 

 

Station 7.  Bacilli with spores.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


 

Description – Where are the spores located on these cells?

________________________________________________________________

 

Station 8.  Bacteria and blood.  There are bacteria in this slide with red blood cells.  Please note the red blood cells are spherical and small.  The bacteria are located between these cells. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Description- What is the morphology of the cells in the blood?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Station 9.  Neisseria species.  These should be gram - diplococci. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


 

Description- Explain why there are different groupings of bacteria on the slide.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

 

Station 10.  This is a gram - spirochete.  Look for cork screw cells.  They appear wavy or curly.  Draw them below.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Description – Explain how you would classify this organism.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

 

Station 11.  Draw the oral smear.  What types of bacteria do you see in the smear?  Draw them below and describe.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Description – How do cyanobacteria appear different than Proteobacteria?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

 

Station 14.  Spirulina.  Cyanobacteria. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Description - ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

Station 15.  Anabena

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

Description - ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

 

Station 16.  Nostoc

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


 

D

 

 

Conclusions  -

  1.  According to the text, what are the different groups of Domain Archaea?
  2.  How do the Archaea differ from the bacteria?
  3. What are the different groups of bacteria according to your text?
  4. How can bacteria be identified?
  5. What are the different types of nutritional categories of bacteria.
  6. What are Proteobacteria?  What specific examples of proteobacteria were on the slides in your laboratory?

                    

 

References –

http://www.fossilmuseum.net/Tree_of_Life/tree_of_life_main_page.htm

http://www.ciar.ca/web/prmem.nsf/0/400a7a875edc88f4852567a000686d3c?OpenDocument – Carl Woese

http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Life_on_Earth&contgroup- classification of bacteria

http://distance.stcc.edu/BIOL102/Lectures/lesson11/classificationF03.htm - classification

http://www.sidwell.edu/us/science/vlb5/Labs/Classification_Lab/Archaea/ - Archaea

http://www.bact.wisc.edu/Bact303/b27 - Bacteria in extremes