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Chapter 12

From DNA to Protein:

Genotype to Phenotype

AP Bio Assignments

Gene

Enzyme

One Gene-One Enzyme( one polypeptide )

RNA

Central Dogma

Beadle and Tatum

Neurospora

Auxotrophs

Prototrophs

Transcription

mRNA

Retrovirus

Reverse transcriptase

t RNA

r RNA

promoter

RNA polymerase

Codon

Start Codon

Stop Codon

Degenerate

Nirenberg

Anticodon

Activating enzymes

Amino-acyl t- RNA synthetases

Large ribosomal sub unit

Small ribosomal sub unit

Self assemblies

Initiation complex

Initiation factors

Ribozyme

Elongation

Release factor

Antibiotic inhibitors

Polysome

Signal sequence

Mutations

Point mutations

Chromosomal mutations

Conditional mutants

Silent mutations

Missense mutations

Nonsense

Frameshift

Deletions

Duplication

Translocation

Mutagens

Carcinogens

Ames Test