Name_______________________

Study Guide

Chapter 2

Small Molecules and Basic Biochemistry

 

  1. Discuss covalent bonds. ( page 21)

 

 

 

 

  1. What is meant by the orientation of covalent bonds?( page 21)

 

 

 

 

  1. Draw the ball and stick and space filling diagram of water.

 

 

 

 

  1. What is the bonding structure of carbon?  Why is it stable? (page 22)

 

 

 

 

  1. Compare single, double, and triple covalent bonds.

 

 

 

 

  1. What is the difference between covalent and non polar covalent bonding in molecules?

 

 

 

  1. Draw a diagram of the polar structure of water showing the dipoles.

 

 

 

  1. What is a hydrogen bond?  Show the relationship between water molecules to form hydrogen bonds.

 

 

 

  1. Explain the terms hydrophobic and hydrophilic. ( page 24)

 

 

 

 

  1. What is a cation?  What is an anion?

 

 

 

 

  1. What are the unique properties of water?

 

·        Three states

 

·        Cohesion and surface tensions

 

·        Evaporation and cooling

 

·        Heat storage

 

·        Universal solvent

 

  1. Define solution.

 

 

  1. How did we use the spectrophotometer to analyze the properties of different colored solutions?

 

 

 

 

 

  1. What is the definition of an organic acid? Carboxl group?( Show the reaction in water)

 

 

 

 

 

  1. What is the definition of an organic base?  Amino group?( Show the reaction in water)

 

 

 

 

  1. What is pH?

 

 

 

 

  1. What is a buffer?  Why are buffers important to the biochemistry of cells?

 

 

 

  1. What are functional groups?  How are they important in biochemistry?

 

 

 

 

  1. What are isomers?  Explain the difference between structural isomers and optical isomers.

 

 

 

 

  1. What are the properties of molecules that are essential for biochemists to understand?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Name_______________________

Study Guide

Chapter 2

Small Molecules and Basic Biochemistry

 

  1. Discuss covalent bonds. ( page 21)

 

 

 

 

  1. What is meant by the orientation of covalent bonds?( page 21)

 

 

 

 

  1. Draw the ball and stick and space filling diagram of water.

 

 

 

 

  1. What is the bonding structure of carbon?  Why is it stable? (page 22)

 

 

 

 

  1. Compare single, double, and triple covalent bonds.

 

 

 

 

  1. What is the difference between covalent and non polar covalent bonding in molecules?

 

 

 

  1. Draw a diagram of the polar structure of water showing the dipoles.

 

 

 

  1. What is a hydrogen bond?  Show the relationship between water molecules to form hydrogen bonds.

 

 

 

  1. Explain the terms hydrophobic and hydrophilic. ( page 24)

 

 

 

 

  1. What is a cation?  What is an anion?

 

 

 

 

  1. What are the unique properties of water?

 

·        Three states

 

·        Cohesion and surface tensions

 

·        Evaporation and cooling

 

·        Heat storage

 

·        Universal solvent

 

  1. Define solution.

 

 

  1. How did we use the spectrophotometer to analyze the properties of different colored solutions?

 

 

 

 

 

  1. What is the definition of an organic acid? Carboxl group?( Show the reaction in water)

 

 

 

 

 

  1. What is the definition of an organic base?  Amino group?( Show the reaction in water)

 

 

 

 

  1. What is pH?

 

 

 

 

  1. What is a buffer?  Why are buffers important to the biochemistry of cells?

 

 

 

  1. What are functional groups?  How are they important in biochemistry?

 

 

 

 

  1. What are isomers?  Explain the difference between structural isomers and optical isomers.

 

 

 

 

  1. What are the properties of molecules that are essential for biochemists to understand?